雅思极速英语:如何看清长难句的结构关系

Part IV：一个句子一个句号的概念

　　理论上讲，一个句子一个句号，但是，实际中会有几个甚至多个句子摆放在一起共享一个句号。此时应该怎么办呢？

　　答案很简单：标记清楚这些句子间的逻辑关系。有两种：

　　1.并列关系示例

　　示例1：I sat down beside her. I said nothing.

　　变为：I sat down beside her and I said nothing.

　　示例2：He asked me a question. I answered him.

　　变为：He asked me a question and I answered him.

　　2.从属关系

　　1)运用各类从句，形成主从符合句，包括：

　　状语从句

　　宾语从句

　　定语从句

　　主语从句

　　同位语从句

　　2)运用非谓语动词类进行从属方式的处理，包括：

　　动词的ing形式

　　动词的过去分词形式

　　动词不定式形式

　　从属关系示例(以状语从句为例)

　　示例1：When he asked me a question, I answered him.

　　示例2：I was so angry that I beat him up!

　　示例3：If you ask me ‘why’, I will answer ‘because’!

　　示例4：Since you are not feeling well, just lie down and take a good rest.

　　示例5：Although I have tried my best, I can’t win her heart.

　　示例6：Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.

　　示例7：I went out very early in the morning so that I could avoid the rush hour traffic.

　　非谓语动词方式处理示例

　　示例1：I sat beside her. I felt very nervous.

　　可变为：Sitting beside her, I felt very nervous.

　　或者：I sat beside her, feeling very nervous.

　　示例2：I want to quit smoking. I eat candies.

　　可变为：To quit smoking, I eat candies.

　　示例3：A young man was tired of sleeping on the floor. He saved up for years to buy a real bed.

　　可以变为：Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up for years to buy a real bed.

　　示例4：Jimmy was dressed up as Father Christmas. He was accompanied by a guard of honor of six pretty girls. He set off down the main street of the city. He rode a baby elephant. The elephant was called Jumbo.

　　可以变为：Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a guard of honor of six pretty girls, Jimmy set off down the main street of the city, riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.

　　定语从句方式处理

　　定语从句当然是属于“从属”的行列，所以，是处理为从属方式的手段之一。请看下面的例子：

　　This is the only book.

　　I read the book during the holiday.

　　两句的重合点在the book上面；将第二句中的the book抽出来，放到第*句book后面，其它内容向后甩。这样，我们就会看到the only book后面马上又在重复the book。为了避免重复，我们去掉the book，而换用另外一个词去替换，这个词就是指物的which或that。因为这里的book有only在修饰，所以，最终我们选用that；又因为that在定语从句中作宾语，所以，可以省略。

　　下面两句的合并遵循同样的原则：

　　She is the girl.

　　The girl’s father is my boss.

　　==>She is the girl whose father is my boss.

　　我们预热几个组成复杂句的句型：

　　*…, but…结构(表转折关系)

　　*…, for…结构(表原因关系)

　　*…, so…结构(表结果关系)

　　*…(,/;/.)however,…结构(表更强烈的转折关系)

　　*…(,/;/.) therefore,…结构(更强烈的结果关系)

　　*…(,/;/.)meanwhile,…结构(表时间关系)

　　这些基本知识构成了：

　　*1)简单句合并复杂句

　　*2)复杂句拆分为简单句

　　由“分到合”，由“合到分”的“基石”

　　也是极速学好英语的根本方法或精髓之所在！