考研英语：怎样看阅读文章？

　大家肯定看多很多做阅读的方法，我们在借鉴的同时，应该寻找适合自己的。拿到一篇考研英语阅读，该怎样从整体上把握呢?因此如何从整体上阅读文章是一个必备的技能，本文就通过四个不同文章来教大家怎样看考研英语阅读。

　　2008年text1　　第一段：While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

　　该段有两句话，首句话有关键词while，表转折让步，因此着重把握后半句，女人在一方面是超越男人的。接下来是研究者的话也是很重要的，跟男人相比，女人在面对压力时更容易沮丧和焦虑不安。　　　　第二段首句：Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.

　　该句话在说荷尔蒙使得女人产生更多激发压力的化学物质。

　　中间各段落(浏览)三：Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress.　　　　该句是说女人有更多机会产生压力。四：Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes.

　　除了上边两段分别讲了化学物质量不同、机会多少不同，该段又阐述了另一个不同。

　　五：Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college.

　　这是个关于压力大的女人的例子。

　　末段：Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

　　该段要注意but这一关键词，又是在重申女人们承受着诸多压力，并建议要及时纾解压力。

　　因此，总结来看，这篇文章首先提出结论--解释原因(三方面，并举例说明主题)--解决办法。这样在做主题题目时，就会易如反掌。

　　25、Which of the following would be the best title for the text?　　[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?　　[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference　　[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say　　[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress.

　　A选项在讲方法，而涉及到办法的只有最后一段简单提及一下，并没有全篇论述;

　　C是涉及到原因的，但只涉及到三方面原因之一;

　　有争议的是AD选项，都涉及到男女对待压力的不同，而相对于A选项，D还更加强调了女性，因此结合文章首尾段的观点，这是比A概括更全面的答案。2010年text2　　第一段：Over the past decade,thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods.Amazon. com received one for its“one-click”online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.

　　该段是总分结构，第*句引领全段，后三句是三个小例子支撑第*句。看完第*句，千万别觉得是文章主题。从这要明白，不是所有文章都是在首段出现主题，一二段交接处很关键。

　　第二段首句：Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.

　　要注意时态的变化，首段是现在完成时，这段笔尖一转，用了一般现在时态，并且内容是就首段的现象采取措施，关键的词语是scale back，下边的定语从句就不是那么重要了。这一句话同样也是文章的主题。

　　中间各段落(浏览)三：Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because......

　　关键词curb on对应的是scale back，即对于这些专利的减少和限制。原因是细节，我们暂且不看。

　　四：The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.

　　看到case，这是一个例子，我们做到心里有数就可以。

　　末段：The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme. Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions”that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reaction to the anti_patent trend at the supreme court”says Harole C.wegner, a patent attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.

　　该段首句并没有实质性的内容，而第二句又在重申话题---narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders,narrow沿袭上边的scale back和curb on。往下看，是涉及到例子的不用看。

　　因此，总结来看，这篇文章这样进行的构架：

　　1、现象的现状：over the past decades,.....

　　2、要发生的变化：scale back/curb on/例子/narrow down。要注意主题从二段开始，并且注意时态是个转变的信号。这样在做主题题目时，就会易如反掌。

　　30、 Which of the following would be the subject of the text?　　[A] A looming threat to business--method patents　　[B] Protection for business--method patent holders　　[C] A legal case regarding business--method patents　　[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patents.

　　围绕着business--method patents来说，从关键词scale back/curb on/例子/narrow down可以非常迅速排除B这一相反选项--protection;

　　而C是个例子不能够概括文章主题;

　　剩下AD,方向是对的，错在细节把握上，一个是looming(隐约出现的)，一个是prevailing(盛行的)，所以单词的记忆还是很关键的，这一趋势刚刚开始，并未大范围开展。2008年text3　　第一段：In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.

　　该段有三句话，一二句话从时间上进行对比，说明现今NBA里个子高的人很多;第三句话是对这一现象的总结，身高变化了，因此想着要改变统一制服的尺寸以适应身高的变化。千万不要被这一段迷惑，主题远不是如此。

　　第二段首句：The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing.

　　该句话一定注意转折词though，上述现象掩盖了一个事实：美国人停止增长了---这才是文章的主旨。

　　中间各段落(浏览)三：Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients notably, protein to feed expanding tissues.

　　这句话在说人的身体增长考的是一些营养物质。这是属于细节内容。

　　四：Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.

　　该段是说长得没有那么高还是有好处的，接下来肯定是具体阐述好处。

　　末段：Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”

　　句首的but表明身高在基因上不会尽快发生变化，因此接下来又接着阐述制服短期内不用改变，总之是在围绕第二段的主题人的身高基本停止增长这一主题在说。

　　因此，总结来看，这篇文章首先摆出例子(但与主题相反)---though引出主题---论述主题---重申主题。这样在做主题题目时，就会易如反掌。

　　35. The text intends to tell us that______　　[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.　　[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.　　[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.　　[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.

　　全文在围绕人身高停止增长，很容易选出C;

　　A选项说到人体身高的变化遵循周期;

　　B在说人的身高是具有可预测性的，涉及到预测的只有末段，而且说得是要想预测参照最近身高标准就行;D说法错误。2010年text4　　第一段：Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.

　　首段依旧在阐述一个现象，指出了两方的矛盾，bankers和the accounting standard-setters，一般涉及到两方矛盾的，总能体现出作者的态度，一般在下文会有提示信息。

　　第二段首句：Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working.　　　　对于这种需要鉴别作者态度的文章，要认真揣摩关键词的隐含意义，比如Unfortunately，银行一方的游说起作用了，这是表明作者站在另一方的立场。

　　中间各段落(浏览)三：After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes.

　　四：European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise.

　　在三四段我们浏览的时候回模糊的看到有两个机构的出现，并且都采取了类似的做法，而做法是针对rule change的，出现rule是在第一段，由accounting standard-setters制定的，显然这两个机构的做法是站在bank的立场。五：It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.这里明显出现了作者的态度，是银行错误，还用了强调句加以说明。

　　末段：To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.

　　这段在论述作者提出的解决办法，更多针对的是bank一方，还提及这两个机构之前做法欠妥。

　　因此，总结来看，这篇文章结构：指出两派矛盾:bank & accounting standard-setters---unfortunately(暗含作者态度)---两个机构针对一方(accounting standard-setters)---亮出作者态度(banks were wrong)---解决办法。该篇文章未涉及到主题题目，但是对于主题的把握也有助于其他题目的解答。小贴士　　阅读文章要注意从整体上把握，这样才能避免读起考研英语文章来一头雾水。在做考研英语真题过程中，我们要多多总结各个文章的主题出现位置，为考试做好准备。

　　这一系列文章是从整体上让大家把握，比较详实，抛砖引玉，希望大家沿着这路数自己分析考研英语文章，抓主题，慢慢来，欲速则不达。